Stem cells are still far myth or already a reality? There are any practical results of their use?Today stem cells are widely and successfully applied, as a matter of fact, only in haematology. More precisely, in treatment of a cancer of blood. By means of Stem cell transplant we achieve amazing results. If in some cases efficiency of chemotherapy at sick of a cancer makes only 30 %, with application of stem cells - 60 %.
Some time back European committee on multiple sclerosis treatment has published recommendations about application of stem cells in treatment of this disease. Here stem cells "do" what could not achieve several years ago. Namely - illness fades at certain level and does not progress. This huge achievement.
- What is the stem cells and in what their curative force consists?
Stem cells are at each of us. These are original spare parts which help an organism to be restored if in its harmonious work there was any failure. Stem cell happen two kinds: creating blood and stromal. The first serve only for formation of the new blood cells, the second - for all other fabrics. Creating blood stem cells contain in a bone brain
- "The central warehouse of spare parts". A few cell is in each fabric - on a case of updating or small breakage, and their basic quantity - all in the same bone brain.
Uniqueness of stem cells - in their "immortality". The matter is that they are capable to share not how usual cages which breed symmetrically. At division of one cage there are two native "daughters" similar to "mother". Stem cells usually share in another way: they too give two affiliated. But one of them is similar parent, and another - is perfect other, the concrete fabric is formed of it. Such division gives the chance to help another and at the same time to keep itself - therefore stem cells live so much, how many the person.
Last years treatment, to be exact, Stem cell transplant is a perspective way of struggle against various illnesses.
- If it is transplant, means, it is necessary to take cages at first whence. What it for sources?
All depends on appointment of cages. Theoretically they can be received from a bone brain - or the, or immunologicallies of the compatible donor, from embryos or from umbilical blood.
Umbilical blood - a good source of stem cells. And much more simple, than a donor service. - to pick up the main thing the suitable sample. Selection of cages of a bone brain occupies 135 days, a cell of umbilical blood - some weeks. Every year this term becomes ever less.
The birth of the person is a stress and mobilisation of its vital forces. During this moment creating blood stem cells are thrown out in blood of the baby and a placenta. They absolutely without harm for the child can be allocated and stored long enough.
For gathering and storage of stem cells including allocated from umbilical blood, now there are criobankses. They have gained the broadest distribution in the world. Now in the world is more such 50 banks or their associations: nearby 30 - in the USA and hardly it is more 20 - in other countries of the world. In Moscow some criobankses work. Except for one all of them - "family", that is nominal samples storing only. Cages undertake from the concrete child and during all life are stored for it as the biological insurance. And if suddenly it is required, to this child or their its blood relative Stem cell transplant for struggle against the disease which has amazed it.
- And why nevertheless so speak about stem cells much? After all, you see, not too it is a lot of real results?
There is a possibility to make with their help break in treatment of many diseases. Many serious clinics all over the world including in Russia, actively work in this direction.
Round stem cells there are many conjectures, imaginations and premature conclusions. Well it, probably, the normal phenomenon. Too big expectations generate the overestimated hopes.
Stem cells are simply irreplaceable in oncology. After all the chemotherapy, radiotheraphy, killing a tumour, simultaneously destroy all good creating blood cages. Then it is necessary to restore a bone brain completely. And stem cells help to solve this problem. Very good results in neurology. First of all in treatment by cages of umbilical blood of a stroke. Conclusions impressing: stem cells help to restore the lost functions quickly enough. And after all the stroke is considered incurable and unpredictable disease.
The big hopes are assigned to treatment by means of Stem cell transplant such difficult diseases, as parkinson illness. Widely stem cells in ophthalmology start to be used. For example, they help to cope with deterioration and sight loss at a diabetes, with a glaucoma.
Stromal stem cells are applied and in orthopedy. With their help it is possible to struggle with such diseases of joints, as art roses and arthritises. Also restoration of a cartilage fabric, treatment of bone defects, acceleration of healing of crises are subject to them. Especially it is actual at women of advanced age when fragility of bones raises. Now there is a real chance literally to put people on feet. This all the first sprouts. But work in this direction goes extremely strained.
Stem cell transplant are used and in cardiology, in particular in treatment of a sharp heart attack. A heart attack essence - infringement of blood supply of a certain site of a cardiac muscle and its destruction. And if stem cells possess ability to form different fabrics in case of a heart attack it is necessary to force to restore as though them those elements of which heart consists. The technology is that. In the nearest week-one and a half after a heart attack undertake own marrowy cells and are entered into a coronary artery. And further they get into a fabric of heart and start to do that is necessary for normal work of a cardiac muscle.
For the last years in Europe thus it has been cured more than 200 persons. The lost function of heart - ability to be reduced and pump over blood - is partially restored.
One of the heaviest cases in cardiology - warm insufficiency. Heart transplant was a unique exit until recently. Such people millions, and Stem cell transplant are spent units. Therefore so it is important to receive though any possibility of treatment by other methods. In particular, stem cells.
Stem cell transplant is a real chance of disposal of many illnesses, the part from which was considered until recently as the incurable. At present in this list about 45 diseases. In further their quantity will increase only. That is why such attention is riveted on them.
- It is clear, that physicians use the best efforts, that stem cells have fast found application. And whether any real help from a society is possible?
Stem cell transplant
In many countries there are registers of potential donors. In the world now 6 million tested donors. They are people who under own initiative and for the money have passed inspection. In case of need they are ready to share the stem cells with those who requires them. Unfortunately, In Russia such registers practically are not present. There are small groups in separate large cities, but it is not enough of them. On creation of base of potential donors means and time are necessary.
For us the most effective and fast way - banks of umbilical blood. Creating bank of stem cells of umbilical blood, we insure ourselves on the future. If one mum has kept cages of the kid, the same was made by another, the third then will choose from what in case of need.
That any patient could take advantage of these samples, the register of anonymous samples is necessary. Not less 10 thousand samples of umbilical blood should be in bank that it had practical value. While any capital bank has no such quantity of samples though in a year occurs 100-110 thousand sorts. Now in Ministry of Health and social development the question on expediency of association of all banks for work on creation of the register of anonymous samples is discussed. Thus, we will have additional possibilities Stem cell transplant for struggle against very serious diseases.
